CBSE Syllabus for Class 9 Science
Unit I: Matter - Nature and Behaviour
Definition of matter; solid, liquid and gas; characteristics - shape, volume, density; change of state-melting (absorption of heat), freezing, evaporation (cooling by evaporation), condensation, sublimation.
Nature of matter: Elements, compounds and mixtures. Heterogenous and homogenous mixtures, colloids and suspensions.
Particle nature, basic units: atoms and molecules; Law of constant proportions; Atomic and molecular masses.
Mole Concept: 1 Mole, Molar Volume, Relationship of mole to mass of the particles and numbers.
Structure of atom: Electrons, protons and neutrons; Valency; Chemical formula of common compounds. Isotopes and isobars.
Theme: The World of the Living
Unit II: Organization in the Living World
Cell - Basic Unit of life: Cell as a basic unit of life; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms; cell membrane; cell wall and nucleus, chloroplast, Function of Mitochondria, vacuoles; cell organelles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus; chromosomes - basic structure, number.
Tissues, Organs, Organ System, Organism: Structure and functions of animal and plant tissues (four types in animals; meristematic and permanent tissues in plants).
Biological Diversity: Diversity of plants and animals - basic issues in scientific naming, basis of classification. Hierarchy of categories / groups, Major groups of plants (salient features) (Bacteria, Thalophyta, Bryo phyta, Pteridophyta, gymnosperms and Angiosperms). Major groups of animals (salient features) (Non-chordates upto phyla and chordates upto classes).
Health and Diseases: Health and its failure. Infectious and Non-infectious diseases, their causes and manifestation. Diseases caused by microbes (Virus, Bacteria and Protozoans) and their prevention; Principles of treatment and prevention. Pulse polio programmes.
Theme: Moving Things, People and Ideas
Unit III: Motion, Force and Work
Motion: Distance and displacement, velocity; Difference Between Speed and Velocity, uniform and non-uniform motion along a straight line; acceleration, distance-time and velocity-time graphs for uniform motion and uniformly accelerated motion, equations of motion by graphical method; elementary idea of uniform circular motion.
Force and Newton's laws: Force and motion, Newton's laws of motion, inertia of a body, inertia and mass, momentum, force and acceleration. Elementary idea of conservation of momentum, action and reaction forces.
Gravitation: Gravitation; universal law of gravitation, force of gravitation of the earth (gravity), acceleration due to gravity; mass and weight; free fall.
Floatation: Thrust and pressure. Archimedes’ Principle, Buoyancy, Elementary idea of Relative Density.
Work, energy and power: work done by a Force, Energy, Power; Kinetic and Potential energy; Law of conservation of energy.
Sound: Nature of sound and its propagation in varous media, speed of sound, range of
hearing in humans; ultrasound; reflection of sound; echo and SONAR. Structure of the human ear (auditory aspect only).
Theme: Natural Resources: Balance in Nature
Unit IV: Our Environment
Physical resources: Air, Water, Soil. Air for respiration, for combustion, for moderating temperatures; movements of air and its role in bringing rains across India. Air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution (brief introduction). Holes in ozone layer and the probable damages.
Bio-geo chemical cycles in nature: Water, Oxygen, Carbon and Nitrogen
Theme: Food
Unit V: Food Production
Plant and animal breeding; selection for quality improvement and management; use of fertilizers, manures; protection from pests and diseases; organic farming.
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